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Concept render of Starship lifting off beside its launch tower at dusk

Space Exploration Technologies, est. 2002

Making lifemulti­planetary

From three failed launches on a Pacific atoll to the most powerful rocket ever flown. This is the engineering, the data and the relentless will behind it.

Falcon launches
703
Booster landings
661
Starship flight tests
13
  • 703 Falcon launches
  • 661 booster landings
  • 37 flights on a single booster
  • 165 launches in 2025
  • 10,400+ Starlink satellites in orbit
  • 33 Raptor engines on Super Heavy
  • 124.4 m Starship V3
  • 3 boosters caught by the tower
  • 70+ crew launched on Dragon

Flight profile: a representative Starship mission

  1. Your scroll is the throttle. Super Heavy and Starship stand 124 metres tall, loaded with liquid methane and liquid oxygen chilled below their boiling points. Scroll to light 33 engines.
  2. Liftoff. 33 Raptor engines light in sequence and the most powerful rocket ever flown climbs off the pad.
  3. Max-Q. Peak aerodynamic pressure. The stack pushes through the densest air it will meet on the way up.
  4. Main engine cutoff. All but three of the booster's engines shut down, around two and a half minutes into flight.
  5. Hot staging. Starship lights its six engines while still attached and pushes away on its own fire. A vented ring between the stages takes the blast.
  6. Boostback. Super Heavy flips around and relights its engines to fly back toward the launch site.
  7. Booster catch. Minutes later, the tower's arms close around the returning booster, ready to be refuelled and flown again.
  8. Engine cutoff. Starship shuts down and coasts above the atmosphere at close to orbital velocity.
  9. Next: everywhere. Orbit, refilling in space, the Moon and Mars. The same ship, built to fly again.

02Determination

Three failures. One last rocket.

Falcon 1 was SpaceX's first rocket, launched from a speck of coral in the middle of the Pacific. It failed three times in a row. By August 2008 there was money for one more attempt.

  1. Flight 1

    Fire

    A fuel line fitting corroded by salt spray leaked and caught fire. Falcon 1 fell back onto the reef less than a minute after liftoff.

    Mission lost

  2. Flight 2

    Spin

    It reached space, but sloshing propellant sent the upper stage into a spiral and its engine shut down short of orbit.

    Mission lost

  3. Flight 3

    Recontact

    Leftover thrust from a new first-stage engine pushed it back into the upper stage moments after separation.

    Mission lost

  4. Flight 4

    Orbit

    The first privately developed liquid-fuelled rocket to reach Earth orbit, built by a company that refused to stop.

    Orbit achieved

Three months after the fourth flight, NASA awarded SpaceX a $1.6 billion contract for 12 cargo flights to the International Space Station. The company that nearly ran out of money became one NASA would trust with its station.

23 December 2008

For my part, I will never give up, and I mean never.
Elon Musk, August 2008, after Falcon 1 failed for the third time

03The fleet

Every rocket taller than the last.

Four generations of launch vehicles, drawn to scale on the same ground line. Select one to inspect it.

Drawn to scaleHeight in metres

Flight test2023 to today

Starship

The first fully reusable super heavy-lift system, built to carry crew and cargo to orbit, the Moon and Mars.

Height
124.4 m
Diameter
9 m
Payload to LEO
100+ t reusable
Engines
33 + 6 Raptor
Flight tests
13
Reuse
Booster and ship
Concept render of a methane-fuelled rocket engine firing on a test stand, its violet exhaust full of shock diamonds

Raptor 3

Sea-level variant

Liquid methane + liquid oxygen
Full-flow staged combustion

Concept render

04Engineering

Raptor. The engine built for Mars.

Raptor is the first full-flow staged combustion engine ever to fly. Methane and oxygen each drive their own turbine before they meet in the main chamber, squeezing more work out of every kilogram. It burns methane because methane can be made on Mars.

Thrust, Raptor 3
280tf
Specific impulse
350s
Engine mass
1,525kg
Raptors per Starship stack
39
More thrustSea level
  • Raptor 1185 tf
  • Raptor 2230 tf
  • Raptor 3280 tf
Less massEngine only
  • Raptor 12,080 kg
  • Raptor 21,630 kg
  • Raptor 31,525 kg

Source: SpaceX published Raptor figures, August 2024

33 engines.
One booster.

“Failure is an option here. If things are not failing, you are not innovating enough.”

Elon Musk

Super Heavy, view from below

Engines safed

Concept render of a Super Heavy booster descending on its engines into the arms of the launch tower at sunset

05Reusability

Launch. Land. Launch again.

On 13 October 2024, the tower that launched a Super Heavy booster reached out with two mechanical arms and caught it on the way back down.

05Flying home

Reuse is the whole game.

For most of the history of spaceflight, rockets were thrown away after a single flight. Falcon 9's first stage turns around, flies itself back and lands upright, then launches again.

Falcon booster landings
661Out of 674 attempts
Flights on one booster
37Falcon 9 booster B1067
Fairing half reflights
300+One half has flown 40 times
Super Heavy tower catches
3First on 13 October 2024

Falcon 9, return to launch site

Not to scale

Second stage to orbitLiftoffStage separationBoostback burnEntry burnLanding burnTouchdown

After separation, the booster flips, burns back toward the coast, relights to survive re-entry and makes a final burn to touch down gently beside the pad it left minutes earlier.

06By the numbers

Relentless, in numbers.

Determination leaves a paper trail. Every figure below comes from public flight records, current as of 26 September 2026.

Falcon launches
703700 of them full mission successes
Booster landings
661Out of 674 attempts
Flights on one booster
37Falcon 9 booster B1067 holds the record
Launches in 2025
165A new annual record, 123 of them for Starlink
Falcon 9 Block 5 success rate
99.84%Mission success across its current version
Fairing half reflights
300+One fairing half has flown 40 times
Starship flight tests
13Including the first flights of V3 and Raptor 3
Boosters caught by the tower
3The first catch came on 13 October 2024

Falcon launches per year

Falcon 1, Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy, 2006 to 2025. From one failed launch a year to one every two to three days.

Concept render of a Dragon capsule in orbit as the sun rises over the curve of the Earth

08Human spaceflight

Humans, to orbit and home.

In 2020 Dragon became the first private spacecraft to carry astronauts to the International Space Station. Since then it has flown government crews, private missions and the first commercial spacewalk.

Crew launched to orbit
70+Since May 2020
Seats by design
7Flown with up to four
Draco thrusters
16For maneuvering in orbit
SuperDraco engines
8To pull the crew clear in an abort
  1. May 2020

    Demo-2

    The first astronauts to fly Dragon.

  2. September 2021

    Inspiration4

    The first all-civilian crew in orbit.

  3. September 2024

    Polaris Dawn

    The first commercial spacewalk.

  4. April 2025

    Fram2

    The first crew to orbit over the poles.

09Milestones

24 years. No straight lines.

Keep scrolling

  1. 2002

    March 2002

    SpaceX is founded

    Elon Musk starts a rocket company with one goal: make life multiplanetary.

  2. 2006

    24 March 2006

    First launch, first failure

    Falcon 1 lifts off from Omelek Island in the Pacific and is lost within a minute.

  3. 2008

    28 September 2008

    Orbit on the fourth try

    Falcon 1 becomes the first privately developed liquid-fuelled rocket to reach Earth orbit.

  4. 2010

    8 December 2010

    Dragon comes home

    The first spacecraft built and flown by a private company to be recovered from orbit.

  5. 2012

    25 May 2012

    Dragon reaches the station

    The first commercial spacecraft to visit the International Space Station.

  6. 2015

    21 December 2015

    The first landing

    A Falcon 9 first stage returns from space and lands upright at Cape Canaveral.

  7. 2017

    30 March 2017

    The first reflight

    A flight-proven booster launches again and lands again. Reuse becomes real.

  8. 2018

    6 February 2018

    Falcon Heavy

    27 engines light for the first time and two side boosters land side by side.

  9. 2019

    May 2019

    Starlink begins

    The first 60 satellites launch, the start of the largest constellation ever built.

  10. 2020

    30 May 2020

    Astronauts fly Dragon

    The first crewed orbital launch from American soil since 2011, and the first by a private company.

  11. 2021

    September 2021

    Inspiration4

    The first all-civilian crew to orbit Earth.

  12. 2023

    20 April 2023

    Starship flies

    The first integrated flight test of the largest rocket ever built.

  13. 2024

    12 September 2024

    A commercial spacewalk

    Polaris Dawn opens Dragon's hatch to the vacuum of space for the first commercial spacewalk.

  14. 2024

    13 October 2024

    The catch

    The launch tower plucks a returning Super Heavy booster out of the air with its mechanical arms.

  15. 2025

    Full year

    165 launches

    A record year: on average, a Falcon 9 lifted off every two to three days.

  16. 2026

    22 May 2026

    Starship V3

    The next-generation Starship and Raptor 3 fly for the first time.

Concept render of three Starships standing on Mars at dawn beside glowing habitat domes, with two astronauts walking in the foreground

10Mars

Next stop:
Mars.

Starship is designed to carry crew and cargo to Earth orbit, the Moon, Mars and beyond. Refilled with propellant in orbit, each ship is built to land more than 100 tonnes on another world. NASA has already chosen a version of it to land astronauts on the Moon.

You want to wake up in the morning and think the future is going to be great, and that's what being a spacefaring civilization is all about.
Elon Musk

Earth to Mars

Transfer orbit

Earth orbitArrival
Transfer windows
Every 26 months
Time in transit
6 to 9 months
Design payload
100+ t per ship

The mission continues

“When something is important enough, you do it even if the odds are not in your favor.”

Elon Musk

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